How Can You Manage Time With 10 Tips That Work - 889 Words

The first website article â€Å"How to Manage Time with 10 Tips That Work† covers 10 ideas to help me improve my time management. These tips include several that have been covered, along with spending thirty minutes planning out your day each morning, take five minutes to go over what you plan to cover in emails and phone calls, putting up a do not disturb sign when work needs to be done, eliminating distractions like Facebook, and practicing not answering the phone and emails. Cherry’s article â€Å"The Cognitive Costs of Multitasking† gives in depth view on the brain process of multi-tasking. Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2011) defines â€Å"Multi-Tasking† as the performance of multiple tasks at one time. According some researchers, multi-tasking can reduce productivity by approximately 40%, this is because it can be difficult to tune out distractions while switching between tasks. (Cherry, n.d.) The Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2011) defines procrastinate as intentionally putting off something that should be done. The last online article by Ann Morin, â€Å"Study: The Secret to Ending Procrastination Is Changing the Way You Think about Deadlines† roughly covers the same process Cooper suggests in order to combat procrastinating. It includes a three step process to help tackling your goals and avoid procrastination. These steps are as follows, breaking your goals into manageable â€Å"chunks†, establish â€Å"now† deadlines, and turn abstract ideas into concrete action steps. (Morin,Show MoreRelatedGrasping Time: the Importance of Time Management for the Adult Student1263 Words   |  6 PagesGrasping Time: The Importance of Time Management for the Adult Student Richard Glazer COLL100 Foundations of Online Learning American Public University Daniel Green Grasping Time: The Importance of Time Management for the Adult Student Adults in ever increasing numbers have returned to school. Reasons for returning vary but regardless, adult students are an increasing presence in the classroom. While adults have the experience and wisdom over the younger students, adults areRead MoreStudent Financial Planning Essay1018 Words   |  5 Pagessave money and budget. By planning finances carefully a student can avoid a pause in learning due to financial trouble and set themselves up for success after college. In the list provided below I will provide four tips I will use to navigate my way around the possible financial peril that presents itself to each student. 1. Track it. 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How does stress affect us?Read MoreThe And Detailed Time Management Tips For A Fulfilling Life1102 Words   |  5 Pagesractical and Detailed Time Management Tips for a Fulfilling Life By Nirupama N Raghavan | Submitted On January 21, 2015 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Nirupama N Raghavan Time is what we needRead MoreTime Management At The Workplace1675 Words   |  7 PagesTime Management at the Workplace and The Importance of Being on Time Hunter J. Bullock 4th Ranger Training Battalion Time Management at the Workplace and The Importance of Being on Time â€Å"The average person uses 13 different methods to control and manage their time.† Wetmore, D. E. (1999, August 23). Time Management Facts and Figures. Retrieved from http://www.balancetime.com/articles/tm_facts_and_figures.htm It is imperative to arrive on time to anything and everything that has been pre-plannedRead MoreMobile Workforce Management : Field Service Mobile Solutions1494 Words   |  6 Pagessoftware field service mobile solutions 25 Mobile Workforce Management Tips A well thought out mobile workforce management strategy is what enables 21st century organizations to compete in today’s customer service oriented world. While a plethora of process improvements and technology has been developed, and continues to evolve, service organizations still need to do more. 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The Field Of Bioartificial Organs - 1565 Words

Modern science has achieved vast successes in multiple fields over the last few years. In this respect, experimentation in the field of bioartificial organs is particularly extraordinary, because it has the potential to kick off a new age in the medical field and science as a whole. However, the research and use of bioartificial organs, specifically the stem cells involved, often stir up controversy. Although the possibilities stem cells bring about are very profitable to the medical field and bioartificial organs, the ethics involved in harvesting the embryos cause debate. What exactly are these ‘stem cells’ at the center of all this controversy? Dr. Peter J. Bryant, research professor at University of California Irvine, described stem†¦show more content†¦After the cells are taken out of the egg, destroying the fertilized egg in the process, they are placed in a culture disk that contains a culture medium, or a liquid rich with nutrients. The cells divide and spread in the plastic dish, and if left alone in the original dish, the cells can keep multiplying exponentially with no limits. Once the embryonic stem cells are grown, they’re induced to differentiate and become specialized cells in separate dishes. These embryonic stem cells are able to become many specialized cells be- cause they’re pluripotent. A pluripotent cell is able to become any type of cell in the human body. In the documentary National Geographic: The Incredible Human Body, John Gearhart, a stem cell specialist explains how they induced embryonic stem cells to become heart muscle cells. Under the microscope, it was obvious that the stem cells had turned into heart muscle cells, because the cells themselves were pulsing like a heart beat. These cells would be able to be injected into the heart tissue to repair and replace damaged heart tissue. Embryonic stem cells have the potential to be very useful in the medical field. Adult Stem Cells have potential to improve the medical field as well, but they’re more specific than embryonic cells. Unlike Embryonic Stem Cells, Adult Stem Cells are multipotent, or undifferentiated. This means that they rarely have the ability to become more than one type of

American Legal and Constitutional History Free Essays

string(58) " law enforcement and had his home searched by FBI agents\." As residents or citizens of the United States of America, we enjoy certain rights that many people across the world do not have. One of those rights is freedom of speech, which is guaranteed to all of us through the United States Constitution. However, in some instances, our freedom of speech rights can be limited. We will write a custom essay sample on American Legal and Constitutional History or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of those circumstances involves freedom of political expression. At this point, one would have to ask; how can a democratic country, which, like all other democratic countries, is based on freedom of speech, limit the same under certain conditions? In order to understand why and how this can happen, we will first examine the concept of citizenship and the Constitution of the United States as it relates to freedom of political speech. In addition to that, we will analyze how freedom of speech as it relates to politics can affect security and what affects current legislation has on freedom of speech. Based on the above-mentioned research, I intend to prove that compromising freedom of political expression is a violation of the United States Constitution and as such cannot be allowed. Furthermore, I will argue that passing legislature such as the US Patriot Act can be very dangerous as it provides government with the power to violate our freedom of speech rights. Citizenship In the first part of the paper, we will examine and summarize the concept of citizenship. This is a very extensive process that is defined as â€Å"the process by which some people are included and others are excluded as members of the community† (Walker, 2002). In our country, everybody living here, regardless if citizen or not, enjoys the same protections from the law. The concept of citizenship is important because it associates us with our nation and with the law of the land. â€Å"Essentially, rights granted to citizens are typically represented by a continuum; however, the mere existence of citizenship does not necessarily equate to equivalent representation across the board, often with glaring inconsistencies across similar geographic locations or historic periods, of which history is rife with examples. † (Gans 2005). So why is citizenship so important? Citizenship is important because it gives everybody the constitutional rights. Nobody can take them away from a United States citizen, regardless of his political views or statements. As United States citizens, we are entitled to a set of rights, which is unique in the world. The United States Constitution entitles us to those rights and guarantees that we can enjoy them. The United States Constitution is the set of documents that embody the principles on which the United States is governed. The Constitution is the supreme law of the land and no other law, at any level of government, can be established without considering the rules and rights as set forth in that document. The part that is especially important to American as it relates directly to their rights is the part of the Constitution that is known as the Bill of Rights. The first ten amendments of the United States constitution are more commonly referred to as the â€Å"Bill of Rights,† because they define specific rights that are granted to all United States citizens by the Constitution of the United States. â€Å"The Bill of Rights is modeled on many other similar documents, all of which owe their inception to the Magna Carta, the bill of rights written in England in 1215 CE. The Bill of Rights is considered to be an important part of the Constitution, and is also an integral part of popular culture; most Americans, for example, know what someone means when he or she â€Å"pleads the fifth,† a reference to the Fifth Amendment, which protects people from self recrimination. † (Smith 2003) The part of the Bill of Rights that is of concern to this paper is its First Amendment. According to the First Amendment there are actually several rights guaranteed to all citizens equally. Many people remember two of them, the right to free speech, and the right to a free press. There are very few exceptions to free speech and fee press. Writing or speaking words that could be constituted as a threat to the American people or seriously threatening the life of someone can definitely lead to a civil law suit or even criminal prosecution. The right to free speech and free press fully includes any political expressions, regardless of what nature. So, if these rights are guaranteed to us, why do some people have concerns about political expression? Political Expression and limitations In wake of the 9/11 attack on United States a very controversial piece of legislation called â€Å"The USA Patriot Act† has been passed. The problem with this legislation lies in its definition of terrorism or terrorist activities. â€Å"The USA PATRIOT Act section 802 defines domestic terrorism so broadly that it could apply to an individual exercising his or her freedom of speech, expression, and assembly through acts of civil disobedience. The Department of Justice has not revealed how it is using section 802†¦ Moreover, Section 215 of the USA PATRIOT Act permits the FBI to seek records from bookstores and libraries of books that a person has purchased or read, or of his or her activities on a library’s computer. This change puts people at risk for exercising their free speech rights to read, recommend, or discuss a book, to write an email, or to participate in a chat room, and thus could have the effect of chilling constitutionally protected speech. It also denies booksellers and library personnel the free speech right to inform anyone, including an attorney that the FBI has asked for someone’s reading list. † (BORDC, 2008) Since then the BORDC has documented several cases where individual rights to free speech have been violated as a direct result of this legislature. Many of these violations have been triggered by political activity. For example â€Å"In June 2004, Buffalo, New York, artist Steve Kurtz was detained by law enforcement and had his home searched by FBI agents. You read "American Legal and Constitutional History" in category "Papers" Despite finding only harmless substances, which Kurtz uses in his politically motivated art projects, the FBI proceeded with a Grand Jury hearing to decide whether to indict Kurtz under the USA PATRIOT Act’s biological agents provision. On June 29th, Kurtz’s bio-terrorism related charges (USA PATRIOT Act section 817) were dropped. † (BORDC, 2003) The above mentioned instance, along with similar mistakes have led many people to believe that our rights to free speech, including and especially the right to political expression, have been limited by legislature such as and similar to the Patriot Act. Many however argue that such laws are necessary in order to protect the greater good and help decrease the chances for renewed attacks on the United States. Another example of limitation of political expression involves a very recent incident at the University of Berkeley in California. The City Council sent a letter to the United States Marines recruiting office stating that their recruiters were not welcome in the city or on campus. This was just a letter of statement and it contained no threats or any other suggestions of violence, protests, or demonstrations. In return for this action, which was seen as very anti-patriotic by many politicians and citizens, various pressures were placed upon the city. â€Å"Some lawmakers were threatening to withhold millions of dollars of federal and state funding to the school as retaliation. They claimed that since U. S. Marines are not good enough for Berkeley, then neither were taxpayers’ dollars†¦ After receiving significant heat, the officials decided to recognize the officials’ right to be in Berkeley and clarified their position saying they support US troops — just not the war and the recruitment of young people. (Hill, 2008) The problem that we face here is that a political view of a cities population, as reflected in the council letter, was oppressed through threats of funding elimination. Even though the political view reflected in the letter is not popular and inappropriate, that was barely an exercise of free political speech that was suppressed by threats. The fact that this happened on a college campus, which should facilitate learning through open debate, makes it especially bad as it sends a statement that everybody should be politically in line with the main stream. â€Å"†¦in dealing with college campuses (as the cultivating grounds for those of the future) we should be more understanding when sentiments show up and give them room to thrive if they wish. Suppression, such as financial deprivation, is no way to deal with a situation and absolutely no way to stifle a conflict. † (Hill, 2008). This opens the question about why political expression matters and what is so special about it? Political Expression and Democracy In order to understand the impact of free speech on a democratic society we have to analyze the basics of democracy. â€Å"Freedom of speech and expression, especially about political and other public issues, is the lifeblood of any democracy. Democratic governments do not control the content of most written and verbal speech. Thus democracies are usually filled with many voices expressing different or even contrary ideas and opinions. † (U. S. Department of State, 2008) This statement is a very effective summary in reference to importance of free speech. As a democratic government, our leadership is supposed to lead is in direction that we chose. This choosing of direction is most often done through political debates as we see them on TV. â€Å"Democracy depends upon a literate, knowledgeable citizenry whose access to information enables it to participate as fully as possible in the public life of their society and to criticize unwise or tyrannical government officials or policies. Citizens and their elected representatives recognize that democracy depends upon the widest possible access to uncensored ideas, data, and opinions†¦ For a free people to govern themselves, they must be free to express themselves — openly, publicly, and repeatedly; in speech and in writing. † (U. S. Department of State, 2008) What we have to understand is the fact that free flow of ideas through speech and other forms of communication is essential for the survival of a democratic government and as such, it cannot be compromised in any way. Free speech creates a pool of ideas that allow us to come to the bottom of every issue at hand by finding the truth. At the same time, we cannot afford to misunderstand this concept. Many people in history have favored freedom of speech, but only the kind of speech that they agreed with. This is why we had to deal with people like Hitler, Stalin, and Saddam. Their view of freedom of speech, especially when it came to politics, was definitely a one-way street. By using them as an example, we need to make sure that we focus on allowing all views to be expressed, regardless whether we agree with them. In my opinion, in this country, we cannot afford to place any limitations on freedom of political speech. Another issue that is directly related to the freedom of speech is freedom of belief. If the government or any other institution attempts to limit our freedom of political expression, then at the same time, they are prohibiting us from having the freedom to believe what we want. The concept is very simple. If we cannot freely express our ideas, then we should not have them in a first place. Many countries across the world had such a system in place. Saddam’s Iraq, Stalin’s Soviet Union and others. The reason these governments were called totalitarian was the fact that their citizens could not freely express their ideas and political views. This proves the fact that freedom of political expression is what makes us a strong democracy and that it should not be compromised. Many supporters of limited free speech cite various examples where it was necessary to limit political expression in order to achieve a greater good. One such example is Germany and many argue that by prohibiting political parties and any association with them (Nazi Party) was the right thing after World War II. I fully agree with that. However, when we cannot compare Germany and the United States (at least not back at that time). German people back then did not know the concept of democracy. Ones it was introduced they accepted it and Nazis never resurfaced again. In any case, my point is that in order to help nations such as post world war II Germany reach the right conclusion and adopt democracy some drastic measures may be necessary. However, these measures should never be undertaken on our soil. We have a healthy democracy and any limitations would disturb the balance. Even though it should never be compromised, freedom of speech has some limitations. One of the limitations that is relevant to political expression is the use of fighting words. The fact is that he inflammatory nature of some speeches can cause the listener to direct violence at the speaker or other target groups as defined by the speaker. Additionally, â€Å"fighting words† have become limited to speech directed to one person and not to speech directed generally at a crowd. The idea is that if a speech is going to cause harm to somebody or limit him or her in enjoyment of his or her constitutional rights in any way, then it is prohibited. Another major issue that has come out of this is the fact that many state universities prohibit speeches that are offensive to minorities. Universities have adopted those policies in order to respond to complaints of those who are subjects of hateful speeches. â€Å"That’s the wrong response, well-meaning or not. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution protects speech no matter how offensive its content. Speech codes adopted by government-financed state colleges and universities amount to government censorship, in violation of the Constitution. And the ACLU believes that all campuses should adhere to First Amendment principles because academic freedom is bedrock of education in a free society. † (ACLU, 2008) This is a very important issue that demonstrates how political views, questionable as they are, can be legally expressed everywhere, without government interference. Conclusion Free speech and expression of political ideas are the very basis of a democratic system. As a fundamental feature of a democratic society, freedom of speech as it relates to politics is subject to only few, clearly defined restrictions. I believe that democracy demands that also those who have undemocratic views must be allowed to propagate for their ideas. A democratic state may only interfere with the right to express a political opinion if it can prove that the direct result of their speech would be violence and harm to somebody. Freedom of expression is a prerequisite for democracy and therefore without freedom of expression, there can be no democracy. This is why it continues to be important to facilitate healthy debates on this issue and help people understand why it is important to respect opinion of others, even if it is not in accordance with the mainstream. That is the best way to continue our rich democratic tradition and ensure that future generations can enjoy the same rights as we do. List of References Walker, Melissa. (2002) Unequal Freedom: How Race and Gender Shaped American Citizenship and Labor rev by Evelyn Nakano Glenn. Information retrieved on April 28th, 2008 from Website http://www. h-net. org/reviews/showrev. cgi? path=112431032792905 Gans, Judith. (2005). Citizenship in the Context of Globalization. Udall Center for Studies in Public Policy. Information retrieved on April 28th, 2008 from the Center Website http://udallcenter. arizona. edu/programs/immigration/publications/Citizenship%20and%20Globalization. pdf Smith, E. S. (2003). What is The Bill of Rights Information retrieved on April 28, 2008 from Website http://www. wisegeek. com/what-is-the-bill-of-rights. htm? Bill of Rights Defense Committee. (2008). Current Treats to Freedom of Speech, Religion, and Assembly. Information retrieved on April 28, 2008 from Website http://www. bordc. org/threats/speech. php Hill, Kimberley. (2008). Threats against the Free Speech? The Campus World Information retrieved on April 28, 2008 from Campus World Website http://www. thecampusword. com/content/view/2264/593/ American Civil Liberties Union, ACLU. (1994) Hate Speech on Campus. Information retrieved on April 28, 2008 from Website http://www. aclu. org/studentsrights/expression/12808pub19941231. html How to cite American Legal and Constitutional History, Papers

Managing Change at Faslane free essay sample

Source: Julia Belogun Veronica Hope Hailey As indicated above, the changes at Faslane took place in several fronts simultaneously such as People, organisational structures, systems, etc. The following examples can be extracted from the case study to reinforce my reasoning as given above; Organisational changes ? Structural change o Trimming down the management layers from seven to four. o Transforming the organization structure from functional to bureaucratic. ? Leadership change o Handing over the management of Faslane to BNS by the MOD o Reducing the entire management team from 250 to 125 and to current level of 12. Appointing a lesser number of senior managers with change management experience as opposed to a fleet of managers without any know-how. ? Strategic and re-engineering change o Re-designing the approval obtaining mechanism to consume a maximum of six days reducing from 56 days by removing unwanted review points. ? Fundamental and incremental change o Willingness of the MOD to reduce costs and enhance service levels. o Improve and enhance the operational and decision making process Systems changes ? Process oriented change Prior to change, people focused on buildings and infrastructure overlooking the service aspect, now the focus has shifted to delivering a quality service from buildings and infrastructure. Changes involving people ? Changes involving people came about by way of changing the attitudes and behaviour of people to achieve efficiency and performance improvement. This was automatically triggered as a result of other changes that took place in the organisation in terms of organisational and system changes. 2. 0 The change style of John Howie and the role he plays in the process of change tends to take the form of a Transformational leader. John Howie demonstrate most, if not all of the special attributes of a Transformational Leader, which are listed below, ? go beyond the day today management problems. ? Commit people to action and focus. ? Commitment to achieve future goals. ? Provides vision to transform the future. These characteristics are evident from his approach and initiatives throughout his stint of change management in the organization. They include, ? Getting the services from personal from BNS who has exposure to change. ? Getting people from the organization to volunteer to give change ideas. Cost reduction by creating awareness among the employees. ? Organizational Procedures/processes changes. ? Changing the responsibility and accountability structure of the senior management. ? Customer service level enhancement through changing the focus. ? Liaising with external parties to ensure the smooth functioning of the organization. 3. 0 It is of vital importance for the success of any change management proces s to pull the correct levers for change at the correct paradigm of time. As such, when analysing the case, one could observe several types of levers for change were utilized. They are; ? Commitment: communication, participation and involvement of the people who are subject to change would eliminate any fear of change. ? Customer service: tilting focus of employees from buildings and infrastructure to providing an excellent customer service. ? Changing procedures: changing existing procedures that could be an obstacle to the change process. ? Involvement: encourage the involvement of all stakeholders concerned with the process of change. Organisational structural: layoff of the cumbersome functional organisational change structure from seven layers to a more bureaucratic Structure with only four layers. ? Resourcing: Getting right people to right jobs either by external sources (new recruitments) or by the existing staff cadre. Other levers for change that can be used are; ? Performance management : introduction of performance or contribution related pay schemes. Measurement: to determine how well an employee is carrying out the required task. ? Teamwork: Team performance management by way of rewarding the best team effort. 4. 0 ? BNS may face with rising political pressure as a result of questions raised in the minds of both public and politicians alike, as to how greatly reduced cost has compromised the national security and how changing important procedures (to raise customer service standards) concerning a Naval base supporting the nations nuclear deterrent would affect the national security. Unemployment in the Dunbartonshire area may rise due to huge layoffs and voluntary redundancy plans. Therefore, former employees might have to resort for help from social welfare services which in turn would mount pressure on public to demonstrate wide spread protests against the new management of the Naval base. ? The condition of the buildings and infrastructure of the naval base may deteriorate due to partial or total negligence on part of the employees as the new management has an increased emphasis on shifting the focus of the employees in delivering an excellent customer service over the maintenance of same. . 0 It is clearly evident looking at the facts and figures that the change management process is a success. Targeted goals are achieved surpassing by huge margins well before the targeted time frames, targeted levels of service are met satisfactorily and transformation of people in the organization has lead leaders to manage people and teams to get more responsibility of their teams (Accountability and teamwork). Conclusion Managing the change process effectively is of vital importance for success of same. Applying the correct levers for change and using the correct change agents are of equal importance. Implementing change in the organization has successfully taken place as a result of motivating the employees to take part in the change process, by managing the process, by building stability in to new structures and processes and by shaping the political dynamics of change (Nadler and Tushman, 1980). Reference Amstrong, M. (2009). Armstrong’s HandBook of Human Resource Management Practice Mullins, L. J. (2005). Management and Organisational Behaviour

When The Legends Die Essay Thesis Example For Students

When The Legends Die Essay Thesis When The Legends DieThis is the story of the life an Ute family, and in particular the way of their people.The story starts off with the father of the family, George Black Bull running for his life from the sheriff and Blue Elk, one of the old Ute men.He had shot a man named Frank No Deer, he had killed him for stealing his money three times that he owed to a sawmill in Pagosa where he had worked with many other of his people, that he had saved for a long period of time.So George, his wife Bessie and son decided to live in the mountains, where they would live the old way, singing songs for different occasions, fishing and hunting with arrow instead of guns, and making use of the wilderness and all of its resources.They built a cabin to live in,in a location where George would not be found and put in jail for his crime, they caught their meals, sewed their clothes and lived life and taught their son the way it had been lived by many generations of their people in the past, until one d a!y George was crushed by an avalanche while hunting in a valley.Bessie new now that their son had become the man of the family, and would be responsible for many of the tasks that needed to be done in order to survive, it was also time for him to pick a name, he chose the name Bears Brother.Every once and a while they went to the village to trade for items that they could not make, but after a short period of time Bessie became very ill and died.Bears Brother had learned the ways and was now capable of taking care of himself, he continued to live life the old way.One day he journeyed to town to trade items, he told what had happened to his parents and that he was living alone with a bear, but Blue Elk thought that he should not be living this way and that he should be in school and living the way of the present.Blue Elk followed Bears Brother to his cabin and they talked for many hours, Bears Brother re-taught Blue Elk the old ways and talked with Bears Brother f!or many hours, and finally convinced him to come to town with him and remind his people of these old ways. We will write a custom essay on When The Legends Die Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I personally like the setting of the wilderness in this book.I enjoy reading and learning the ways that native people lived their lives in the wilderness even if it is fiction and not fact.The setting is very detailed, believable and has enough but not too much description.She cried out once in horror, and the boy heard and came and stood beside her, watching, as the snow plume floated all the way down the slope and the thunder of the slide echoed into the silence, is a phrase that I found particularly enjoyable and descriptive. I like the way that the author has not introduced too many characters at once and has limited the number of characters that are of relevance during certain periods of the book.I find it is very annoying when a book has many important characters all at one point or section of the book,instead Hal Borland introduces characters at various stages of the book, and now that Bears Brothers parents have died Im sure a few more characters will be introduced.I like Blue Elks character because hes mysterious and seems to show up every once and a while in the book, he seems to be everyones friend.For example, when Bears Brothers bear is attacking dogs in the village, he shows up for no apparent reason. .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 , .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .postImageUrl , .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 , .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:hover , .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:visited , .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:active { border:0!important; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:active , .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0 .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubd2badc213b995fdb56bc4b0b27412f0:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Culture Awareness EssayTheres not too much suspense in this book, but I think its mainly because theres no need for suspense in this style of book.A not so obvious example of foreshadowing would be right after George fights Frank No Deer for stealing his money.After he has fought he checks his pocket to see if his money is still there, and of course its gone.The author wouldnt have written him checking his pocket in the first place,if the money wasnt going to have been stolen. I think that this book sort of relates to what has happened at Ipperwash and the problems there. Even though it does not really have a direct link, just because its involving problems with native people and their culture, it is somewhat similar.

Journal of Child Psychology Review Sample

Journal of Child Psychology Review Sample Journal of Child Psychology Review Sample Journal of Child Psychology Review Sample According to research conducted in Brigham Young University, which performed memory tests on the 5 month old babies, babies actually remembered the shapes, which were introduced to them through happy voices and faces! Studies had also indicated that young babies were highly tuned to several emotions which even included animals’ emotions. The researchers thought that the positive impacts heightened the attention arousal and system of the babies. It was wondered as to whether the parents who were fond of talking and playing with their five month old babies knew if their children remembered such memories a day later. They, therefore, believed that through using such system, the ability of such children to not only process but also remember the geometric patterns was improved (Ross, et al, 2014). Babies Remember Nothing but a Good Time A new study conducted by BYU further asserts that, indeed, the children were capable of remembering such good times. Babies were more easily capable of remembering something especially if it was attached to positive emotions or the affect which accompanied it. It can further be revealed that despite the fact that people have done lots of studies regarding the memory in infants through studying the discrimination that was prevalent in the emotional affect, it was prudent for new studies to focus on how such emotions were capable of influencing the memory of young people (Dunstan, et al, 2012). It should be noted that despite the fact that young children do not talk, there are various ways that researchers can use in order to analyze the way through which babies respond to different types of testing. For instance, the researchers are able to monitor the movements of the eyes and even ascertain how long the young babies looked at test images. In some of the experiments, the young babies were set in front of the large panel monitor located in a closed off partition where they were exposed to an individual on a screen. The individual on the screen then spoke to them using different emotions, for instance, a neutral, angry or happy voice. After the emotional exposure, the children were then shown geometric shapes. In order to test the children’s memory, the researchers in the study conducted a 5 minute follow up test which was also done in one day. During the follow up test, the children in the study were shown 2 side by side geometric sets in which one was a brand new one, while the original one came from the study. Based on that, researchers in the study recorded the number of times that the baby was able to look from one specific image to another one and the duration that was spent by the baby on observing each specific image. It was revealed that the memory of the babies did not improve if the shapes had been attached or paired with negative voices. But it was ascertained that the children performed better in remembering the shapes which were associated with the positive voices (Katzmarzky, et al, 2009). Based on experiments and research studies done, it was clear that indeed, the positive impact was capable of heightening or rising both the arousal and attention system of the young children and by using such systems, researchers were able to raise their ability of both processing and remembering the â€Å"geometric patterns† (Clark, et al, 2012). Eating Disorders Despite of what is thought by most people, it should be noted that a feeling of guilt does not in any manner or way help in the processes of â€Å"goal setting or dieting†. Indeed, it should be realized that the inclusion or composition of exercise of â€Å"a feeling of guilt† after the binge in the â€Å"cheating routines† of people is prone to work against people thus leading them to the â€Å"cheating spree† in a short duration. It is quite a genuine fact that parents in the contemporary society are faced with numerous challenges associated with fostering of both healthy food habits and attitudes. At most times, this will normally comprise of a tricky balance of firmness and relaxation. It has further been known that those parents who usually regulate and restricte the food choices normally do not foster a confident and relaxed approach towards food. There is, therefore, a dire need for role modelling and guidance in order to help the young people on th e issues that have to do with diets and eating disorders (Thorp, et al, 2011). Eating Issues in the Adolescent Girls Parents encounter numerous new challenges especially when it comes to the â€Å"slippery-slope time† for the adolescent girls even if the childhood eating disorders or issues have either been non-existent or minimal. Parents have been in dilemma as to whether to freak out or encourage in cases where their normal weight teens are in need of dieting. They therefore fail to decide if they should call therapists when their daughters say they are fat or whether they should just have a talk with them. Don’t Just Sit There, Do Something! Thanks to new technologies, it has been determined that most of the young people as well as adults spend a lot of their time just sitting in cars, in schools and even at home either playing computer games or watching television as opposed to active pastime. However, what young people fail to understand is the fact that such labor-saving devices actually come at high cost. This is because before the advent of such technology, the human population lived in both agrarian and hunter-gatherer cultures and as a result, the regular movements were capable of supporting their natural metabolic processes. Young people have failed to comprehend that their bodies are not able to function well if they just sit around. Recent studies have indicated that prolonged sitting was closely related to depression, anxiety, inflammation, anxiety, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, type 2 Diabetes and cancer. It will be prudent for young people to note that prolonged â€Å"sedentary behaviour† cannot be compensated through regular work outs. This is attributed to the fact that indeed, if the individual sits at the computer for a long period of time while working, and then goes to the gym to carry out high intensity workouts for approximately three to four days a week, he will still suffer as a result of the adverse impacts of prolonged sedentary hours (Karen, et al, 2014). What Ought to Be Done There are various measures that can be taken to ensure that â€Å"too many sedentary hours† are avoided by all. This includes taking short breaks of about 5 minutes to stand up and have a walk around. Studies have indicated that these can greatly help in the restoration of the body’s normal functioning, thus, reducing chances of cardiovascular risk occurrences as well as enhancing glucose metabolism. Despite the fact that more research is required in order to fully comprehend the process, it should be noted that health psychologists are continually establishing interventions aimed at the reduction of this problem. For instance, the use of sitting on the exercise balls ss opposed to the use of standing desks. Changes can therefore be made to improve the lives of not only children but all people through: Ensuring that children take good active exercises on a regular basis Taking of regular stretch breaks while watching TV or playing computer games. Encouraging children to take short breaths and releasing them slowly. Can Reading Fictional Stories Make One Become More Empathetic? There are various reasons that neuroscience has put forward in order to explain why reading fiction stories can make an individual’s brain become more empathetic. After mapping of the brains by the Neuroscientists, it was discovered that through reading fiction, a person is able to tap into the brain networks of the characters and make their experiences become one’s own. It is strongly believed that when one becomes fully engaged in reading a story that is fictional, then the brains â€Å"literally lives vicariously† through the neurological levels of the characters. For instance, according to researchers based at the Carnegie Mellon University, when one reads a chapter of either the â€Å"Sorcerer’s Stone Lights Up† or â€Å"Harry Potter†, one’s brain regions will be as involved as if one was watching somebody move or even see the flying of a broom in the actual world. Indeed, neuroscientists across the worlds have been using the â€Å"brain imaging technology† in order to hone upon the specific neural networks and brain regions, which are activated when an individual reads fiction. Conclusively, it seemed that through reading fiction, the readers’ ability of putting themselves in the shoes of other people and flexing imagination easily occurred. In addition to that, it was ascertained that reading fiction was capable of enhancing the theory of mind. The theory refers to the ability of attributing the mental states, for instance, intents, beliefs, pretending, desires and knowledge not only to oneself, but also to other people, and to comprehend that other people have desires, beliefs and intentions which are different as opposed to one’s own. Why Over Scheduling Kids Is Bad Children, just like adults, become stressed because of having too much to do. Excessive workloads for children can have a negative impact on their lives and therefore there is more that needs to be done to ensure a conducive environment for the children is created. Children should be helped to learn how their time can be managed more efficiently and effectively. While some of parenting experts argued that over scheduling the children did not cause them any harm, others were of the opposite opinion. Some of them, therefore, argued that too many activities for the young people was a great problem (Feiler, 2013). Parents were blamed for being interested in their children’s lives too much, thus making them participate in numerous activities aimed at competing with other children. It was further argued that there were higher risks of distracting the young people out of their natural development through engaging them in lots of activities before reaching 11 or 12 years old, because it is during such a period of their lives that self-consciousness is developed. There is, therefore, a dire need for the children to get enough time for free play time, lying around and even having activities that are non-goal oriented with their parents. On the other hand, psychologists have argued that there is nothing wrong with having children indulge in too many activities, especially those dealing with enrichment, so long as the parents ensure that their children have ample time free from activities as well. They, therefore, assert that it is good for children to be scheduled to have musical activities or even sports and other activities that should be organized and supervised by mature people. Indeed, it was established that outside activities are capable of making the children become all rounded people. However, they further noted that problems arise when parents become interested in putting too much scrutiny on the performance of the children in their activities, since doing so makes children lack the fun that they initially intended to have (Wedge, 2014). It is prudent to note that scheduling can either be termed as being too bad or good for the children, if first of all, it is determined whether the motivation for the activities that the children are engaged in is coming from the child or from their parents. If the motivation for the activities that the child is engaged in comes from the child, then over scheduling in that case will be quite constructive. However, if the motivation to engage in such activities arises from the pressure of the parents, then such over scheduling is not only punitive for the young children but also harmful for their growth. Parents should always be careful when dealing with young people, especially those aged between 13 and 19, because this is a transitional stage that marks the end of childhood to adulthood. This is also due to the fact that the transition period brings a lot of independence issues as well as self identity. The Impact of Marketing and Advertising on Children or Young People as Consumers The United States’ economy is supported by both advertising and marketing, which are known for the promotion of the sale of both goods and services to the final consumers. Both children and adults are included into this category. Despite the fact that most of the marketing in the contemporary world has for a long period of time been targeting the children, there are two major trends which have significantly increased the interest of such marketers in child consumers. One of the major trends is children’s discretionary income coupled with their own power or ability to influences the purchases that are made by their parents. The second trend lies in the fact that the significant increase in the number of the available television channels has also resulted in a smaller audience for the channels. As a result, the digital interactive technologies have also opened new avenues or routes that have narrowed the cast to the young children and therefore led to the enlargement of t he children’s media space, as well as the children’s products (Calvert, 2008). At most times, it has been ascertained that paid advertising for the young people or specifically the children has primarily involved the television sports, which usually feature food products and toys that are high in sugar and fat, but very low in nutritional values. However, new marketing strategies have now been developed, which have led to stealth marketing methods as well as online advertisements. For instance, such methods are the embedding of various products in the contents of programs, such as, video games, online programs and films. Such marketing strategies are known to make younger children, especially those who are less than 8 years old, become more vulnerable, since they do not have cognitive skills of comprehending the persuasive intents of online and television advertisements. However, it should be ascertained that there are various government regulations, which have been implemented by both the Federal Trade Commission and the Federal Communications Commission with an aim of providing some form of protection for the children or young people from both the marketing and advertising practices. It has further been determined that regulators have been known to exert more control on the content of the scarce media, and most specifically, television airwaves that are known to belong to the public, as opposed to the content they put on online spaces which are more open. Calvert (2008) further asserts that children in the contemporary society are growing up in a marketing environment, which is highly sophisticated and which is capable of influencing both their behaviours as well as their preferences. The dominance in the use of television sets in most of the homes in the United States, as well as in other places around the world, made advertisers quickly discover that they could use such a medium in order to bring their products and services to the attention of a larger or mass audience comprising of both the old and young people, and therefore deliver a hefty supply of adults and children to business. The contemporary advertising and marketing has permeated the daily lives of the children and in addition to that, most of the products which are marketed to the young children are not only ,unhealthy but they are also known to promote the occurrence of obesity. It is quite unfortunate that most of the children do not comprehend the intention of such persuasive advertisements and even the older children find it difficult to understand the new marketing methods that have now become notorious for blurring the line between the program and commercial content (Media Research, 2007).

Research Paper Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Research Paper Proposal - Essay Example If we believe that racism is dead and quit looking for it, we are being set up for a repeat of our past. When we no longer openly discuss racism, we allow it to slowly fester beneath the surface of our society. We are ignoring the elephant in the room while it is slowly growing larger and larger. I hope to prove that racism is still alive. I hope to find evidence that society destroyed the old Jim Crow laws and other forms of open racism only to replace them with hidden racism. I want to discover how racism, now that it is no longer openly tolerated in society, has gone underground. I want to discover how, when we no longer discuss racism, it grows outside of our consciousness. I care about the topic of racism because it is a part of our society that I believe will never fully disappear. Humans always make snap judgments based on appearances. This reflex is what allows us to avoid poisonous snakes based on the shape of their heads or the patterns on their backs. But, this same reflex causes us to make snap decisions about people that grow and become racism. These decisions then become a part of our society and become tolerated. Regardless of your race, racism affects every member of our society. Racism keeps our society from making progress by insuring that certain members of our society do not make social progress. If we subjugate members of our population, our society is unable to fully realize its potential. Discoveries that these members may make are nullified by the fact that we tolerate discrimination and racism. Currently, most of our society wants to believe that racism is dead. However, just one example that it is not is the current social status of black members of American society. Historically, the black population has been less wealthy than other members of society. This disparity is a result of slavery and institutional racism. If we are to believe current commentators, education is the path to wealth and

Human Resource Training Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Human Resource Training - Research Proposal Example According to Jackson, Schuler & Sparrow (1994), the continued need for individual and organizational development can be traced to numerous demands. These demands are not limited to maintaining superiority in the marketplace, enhancing employee skills and knowledge, and increasing productivity. In the present phase of events, training is one of the most pervasive methods for enhancing the productivity of individuals and communicating organizational goals to new personnel (Grehart & Becker 1996). Today, project management within the context of effective training has increasingly become part of effective human resource management strategies. No wonder, Bell et al. (2003) postulate that, given the importance and potential impact of training on organisations, the costs associated with administration of training it is important that effectiveness of training programs be incorporated within the context of project management. Bell et al (2003) working on a similar research area argued that, over the past 30 years, there have been six cumulative reviews of the training and development literature (Campbell, 1971; Gold- stein, 1980; Latham, 1988; Salas & Cannon-Bowers, 2001; Tan- nenbaum & Yukl, 1992; Wexley, 1984). On the basis of previous work listed within this dimension and other pertinent literature, I have been able to identify several design and evaluation features that are related to the effectiveness of training and development programs. However, the scope of the present article is limited to those features over which trainers and researchers have a reasonable degree of control (Bell et al. (2003). Here, I have recognised the lack of research on "project management on effectiveness of training". Thus, a shift of focus is made from the usual meta-analysis of training to project management on the effectiveness on training. In this direction, this research by breaching this knowledge gap, the paper seeks to investigate and provide answers to three research questions. How features and instructional attributes of a training method affect the effectiveness of training' How Project Management within the context of effectiveness of training be used to improve on training effectiveness in organisation Finally, to compare and evaluate project management on the effectiveness of training with other meta-analysis training methods. 1.1.2 Objectives and Purpose of Study Today, with the increasing researchers desire to demonstrate the importance of an effective human resource policy on organisation performance

What Caused the Current Economic Crisis Term Paper

What Caused the Current Economic Crisis - Term Paper Example This meant the very foundations on which our principles and understanding of the whole economic system was based on were shaken and jolted to an extent that people lost confidence in its integrity. It raised questions that directly pointed fingers on the functioning of the global financial markets. The whole crisis began when the US investors lost confidence in the value of sub-prime mortgages resulting in an adverse liquidity crisis. In fear of the effects of the looming liquidity crisis, the US Federal Bank injected huge sums of capital, liquid money, into financial markets in an attempt to prevent several hundred thousand businesses and individuals from declaring bankruptcy. By the end of September of the following year, the economic crisis had worsened as its negative effects started to crash stock markets on all the continents. This made investment highly volatile and investors lost millions of dollars overnight as this continued to spread further. A pinnacle was reached where c onsumer confidence was at its lowest in fear of the inevitable outcomes. Analyses reveal that at a more fundamental level the economic crisis could be attributed to the diligence of massive global imbalances. These imbalances were the outcomes of long periods of excessively loose monetary policy in the major advance economies during the early part of this decade. A major factor in this was the significant increase in the budget deficit of the United States, while at the same time the accumulation of huge amounts of surpluses in Asia, particularly in China and the oil exporting countries of Middle East. The current account balance of US in 2008 as a percent of its GDP was -4.7%, and for China, Saudi Arabia, Russia and UAE was 10%, 28.9%, 6.1% and 15.8% respectively. This showed that even after billions of revenue for the Western Giant United States, the global net flow of money was directed towards the Eastern part. This imbalance was ever growing as the Economic power was slowly and gradually shifting from the West to the East. Experts stated that these imbalances were seen as the consequence of the relative inflexibility of the currency regimes in China and other such countries. According to Portes (2009), prevailing global macroeconomic imbalances were the major underlying cause of the crisis. The gap between the saving-investment function was extensive and this gap was only widening with time since developing countries started relying more heavily on developed economies to provide for their development expenditures. The immediate impacts of these huge cross-border financial flows were seen on the financial intermediation process. (Mohan, 2009) As stated earlier the monetary policy of US was also a contributing factor to the financial crisis of 2008. To understand this we have to visualize the dot com bubble burst in the early 2000’s. This resulted in a reduction of the interest rates and consistent ease in the monetary policy of US and other advanced economies. These rates maintained as low as 1 per cent in US during the period 2003-2004. This gave ample opportunity for new businesses to thrive in the country and huge investments were made during the first half of the decade. Figure 1 clearly demonstrates that during 2008 the effective federal fund rate in the US was around 1 per cent margin. This relatively loose monetary policy meant that transactions were being done on a credit basis more than ever in the history of the country. The effects of this were visible in the credit crunch of 2007 that eventually combined with other factors to bring about the economic crisis. The growing demand from the US consumers and its increasing reliance on cheap consumer goods being imported from Asian countries, mainly China,

Civil Enforcement Against Senior Bankers

Civil Enforcement Against Senior Bankers Civil enforcement against senior bankers for the financial failure of the institutions that employ them has been quiet in the United Kingdom before the global financial crisis in 2007. However, this unpleasant event that happened in the period between 2007 and 2009 directly displayed the weaknesses of senior management in the financial sector. Risk-taking management decisions, market misconduct and mis-selling practices are the common malpractices in the financial sector. Gradually, this problem which is caused by weak governance and misbehaviour has become more and more serious. There is a quote from an article stating this kind of problem as nothing so concentrates the mind as an urgent and complex problem.[1] However, generally, senior managers at financial institutions are typically incentivised in ways that lead them to underestimate risk-taking from the perspective of the firms other constituencies because they put the institutions profit in the first place. This can result in a failure to identify or fully appreciate in particular the correlation between low-probability risk and firm integrity.[2] Hence, it may not be best dealt with by enforcement against senior bankers.[3] As we know, a decision to be made equally for the best interest of the financial institution and the public is difficult. However, since weak governance appeared to be a problem for the fairness and transparency of the financial sector, it has to be addressed as soon as possible. Before determining whether the law is taking sufficient measures in addressing this senior management problem, we should first proceed to look at previous cases of the banks in the UK which failed in the global financial crisis. First and foremost, Northern Rock, which was a mortgage lender with a large market share, operated on a risky originate-to-distribute business model which relied on short-term money market funding to finance its extensive mortgage writing business. However, it went into trouble when the money markets dried up owing to subprime mortgage defaults in the United States. Then the Financial Services Authority (FSA) produced a report reflecting upon what went wrong at Northern Rock.[4] Certain doubts were voiced regarding the chairman of the board and the chief executive in terms of their competence and decisions made. However, neither individual has been subject to any individual liability under the law. Thus, this reflects that the law was not having a consolidate d structure to deal with individual liability in decision making. Next, the Royal Bank of Scotland teetered on the brink of failure in early 2009. It had been growing aggressively through large-scale acquisitions, such as of National Westminster Bank in the UK in 2000.[5] In May 2007, Fred Goodwin, who was the Chief Executive Officer of the Royal Bank of Scotland Group between 2001 and 2009, led the bank to acquire the Dutch bank ABN-AMRO, over-bidding for it in order to edge its rival Barclays out of the race.[6] The deal was completed deal quickly without adequate due diligence carried out on ABN-AMROs assets. This action was severely questioned by the media at that time.[7] By early 2009, the bank faced significant losses due to the absorption of losses from ABN-AMROs extensive securitised assets portfolio. This acquisition was proved not a good move. However, although the Financial Services Authority criticised the senior management for poor risk decisions and governance culture in its report on the Bank, no individual has been subject to any i ndividual liability under the law again.[8] In addition, Halifax Bank of Scotland, in fact, was a casualty of the global financial crisis because the crisis crystallised the failure of an already dangerous business model.[9] The bank had been underwriting corporate loans with poor due diligence and standards in order to pursue rapid growth and expansion. The Parliamentary Commission looked into the banking standards and criticised the chairman, the chief executive and a number of board members. However, only one individual, Peter Cummings, the director of the corporate finance division who led the business into writing enormous sums of bad corporate loans, was fined and disqualified by the Financial Services Authority.[10] No other individual has been subject to any individual liability. Hence, these previous cases show that the legal structure in this area was not competent to act as a deterrence and raise awareness of the senior bankers in making careful decisions in the best interest of the public. After the global financial crisis, several conduct scandals were revealed in the financial sector. Significant banks in the UK such as Barclays were fined in significant amounts for rigging the London Inter-bank Offered Rate.[11] The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), together with other international regulators, also subjected a number of banks, including Barclays and RBS, to record fines over foreign exchange market-rigging.[12] The Salz Review[13], which revealed unhealthy sub-cultures in the large and complex structures at Barclays, also raised interesting questions. Question arises as to what extent senior management and the board should be responsible for the polluted banking culture as organisational pyramid shows the decisions are often made at the top.[14] The harms caused by malpractices in the banking sector are not only individual losses, but also damaging market confidence and integrity. Good corporate governance matters. It persuades, prompts and encourages institutions to preserve the honesty and integrity of key promises made to investors and the public.[15] In the aftermath of the global financial crisis, we can notice that many affected banks underwent senior management changes. In fact, the general consensus of all key reports is that the economy would have had stronger chances of survival had there been more professionalism among executives, better corporate governance structures and more ethical behaviour within the banking sector.[16] However, new management is unlikely to have significant effect on the current posed problem if the law is still lacking sufficient supervision in this area. In relation to this, Singapore, one of the world leading financial centres, recognises that a regulatory framework that is sound, strong and in line with the practices of leading jurisdictions is fundamental to achieving a thriving and liquid market.[17] We should now proceed to look at the development of the law in this area. In fact, the regulation of banking in the UK began with informal controls by the Bank of England and was eventually placed on a statutory basis by the Banking Act 1979. The following decades saw the passing of the Banking Act 1987 which increased the Bank of Englands regulatory and supervisory powers. As the UK did not have any special regime for dealing with banks in financial difficulties, a temporary Banking (Special Provisions) Act 2008 was passed to enable the resolution of problems. That Act was then replaced by the Banking Act 2009. After that, Financial Services Act 2010 was passed which amended Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 by strengthening the powers of the FSA and giving it a financial stability objective.[18] In July 2012, following a series of banking scandals culminating in the LIBOR findings, the UK instituted a Parliamentary Commission comprising both Houses to inquire into how banking culture could be changed for good.[19] The Parliamentary Commission was of the view that individual standards are key to enhancing banking culture and hence enhanced regulation of individuals must be introduced to change banking for good.[20] The Parliamentary Commission proposed enhanced regulatory liability for senior persons and employees performing any function that could harm the bank, as well as a special criminal liability regime for senior persons who have recklessly mismanaged a bank.[21] In relation to the above, the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 has adopted many of the Parliamentary Commission recommendations. This Act has been lauded by the Treasury as the biggest reform to the UK banking sector in a generation, which will help to increase conduct standards among bankers.[22] This Act can be seen at the heart of system-focussed reforms designed to increase overall resilience of the UK financial system to future shocks and instability, as much as it can be seen in initiatives designed to strengthen the liability of individual actors operating within the overall financial system.[23] However, the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 is also said to be a missed opportunity to increase the accountability of senior bankers for the financial failure of the institutions that employ them. In fact, individual liability is governed under Section 36 of the Act.[24] We can examine this issue by viewing it from two perspectives. We should first look at the express meaning and purpose which the Act wishes to carry out by its wordings. From the Act, we can see that Section 36 provides a jurisdiction to prosecute misconduct in the financial services sector. However, this jurisdiction is quite broad. This can be seen in Section 36(1)(a)(i) and (ii). It states that the senior manager either needs to have taken a decision or have agreed to the taking of a decision. Besides that, the senior manager has the duty to take steps he or she can in order to prevent such a decision being taken. The Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards (PCBS) in its June 2013 final report concluded that mismanagement and failure of control lie at the heart of standards and culture in banking.[25] However, it seems that Section 36 is only intended to deal with the process of making reckless decision while managing the financial institution. Furthermore, the Act has a number of limitations. First, S stated in the Act must be a senior manager or an authorised person who is carrying out a senior management function, which is stated in S.19(2) of the Act.[26] In fact, many organisations have delegated authority now and so, this will narrow down the ambit of the offence. There is one problem in accessing this jurisdiction identified by the Commission is that managers of varying levels can communicate preferences that give rise to a risk without directing subordinate employees explicitly. For example, this was displayed in the London Interbank Offered Rate rigging scandal.[27] In relation to this, the law provides the provision where the senior bankers have the duty to take measures in order to prevent reckless decisions. Nevertheless, this 2013 Act still has its limitation to prosecute senior managers who are experienced and have become adept at encouraging reckless misconduct. Besides that, the Act states that S needs to be aware of a risk that the decision in question may cause the failure of the financial institution. This may be unfair to criminalise the actions of a decision-maker who did not appreciate or actually foresee a risk. The decision must actually bring the financial institution to the risk of failure, not only risk causing losses to the bank. In addition, there is no single definition of conduct risk available. There are different definitions in use, depending on the emphasis, the causes and the impact.[28] This will make the Act seem vague in this sense. The scope of the offence is limited further by the causation clause in Section 36 (1) (d) which states that the implementation of the decision causes the failure of the group institution. Failure in this context means is interpreted in three ways. First, the institution becomes insolvent. Second, any of the stabilisation options in Part 1 of the Banking Act 2009 is satisfied by the financial institution in question. Third, the financial institution is taken for the purposes of the Financial Services Compensation Scheme to be unable or likely unable to satisfy claims made against it. Practically speaking, it is very difficult to prove or to bring actions under the law. In the article titled Criminalising Bank Managers, Professors Julia Black and David Kershaw from the London School of Economics identified the difficulties faced by the drafters of the new legislation.[29] In fact, the law has to be broad enough to provide a solid deterrent to individual liability and also to satisfy public demand for accountability. However, it cannot be legislated too widely which would possibly allow senior bankers to benefit from the loopholes of the law. In fact, it can be said that the criminal sanction provided by the Act delivers an important message and acts as an alarming notice for the banking sector. Apart from that, question arises here as to whether the law achieves its purpose practically. The exact purpose of the law in this area is said to be difficult to be achieved practically. The practical problem of the Act is that Section 36 is seemed to be a legal framework on how the law and sanction will operate because the possibility of successful prosecution is quite remote. Indeed, the Commission stated in its final report that it would not be easy to secure convictions for the offence. However, the Commission felt that the provision should be created to give pause for thought to the senior officers of UK banks. There are two main reasons affecting the practicality of the law in this area. First, there is the matter of causation. In order to establish liability, the senior manager must cause or his decision results in the institutional failure. In other words, it has to be proved beyond reasonable doubt that the senior banker causes the failure of the financial institution. As we know, most of the business failures are often caused by a combination of factors. In any prosecution, as stated above, establishing that the decision of a senior manager cause the failure of a bank will be difficult. Financial institutions such as banks are often large organisations, and failure of the bank is not usually caused by only an individual, but a combination of different factors. Hence, it is quite difficult to prove that the bank failure was due to a specific decision by an individual, if not impossible.[30] In fact, the government argued that causing the banks failure should be interpreted as having significantly contributed to the failure during the Parliamentary debates on the b ill. However, this interpretation is unsupported by a plain reading of the Act. Hence, establishing causation in fact and in law successfully might be very difficult practically. Secondly, it also appears to be difficult that the senior manager is aware of the risk that the implementation of a decision may lead to bank failure as it is full of uncertainties in the financial sector. Besides that, the Act states that his or her conduct fell far below what could reasonably be expected of a person in their position. In fact, the doctrine of reasonableness can have different outcomes owing to different circumstances. For example, if there is an imminent bank failure, a senior manager is reasonably expected to take responsive but difficult decisions under pressure. This will cause proving the necessary mental element of the offence become very complicated. Besides that, misconduct or risk-taking decisions at one bank spreads across the sector, as the behaviour comes to be seen as the market norm and no bank wants to miss the extra earnings from the practices. Therefore, it is difficult to apply the reasonableness test on senior bankers since a lay person may not kn ow the actual reason behind certain decisions made in that position. The idea of how these situations will be decided can only become clear when it comes to the court. Apart from that, in determining a potential prosecution under this Act, investigations on the issues are likely to require a high degree of access to the financial institution records. This may appear to be a heavy burden for the financial institution in question. In the absence of sufficient evidence or information on what actually causes the banks failure, this will be a waste of time for the authorities and the financial institution. In addition, if the investigating authority wishes to investigate on every person involved in the senior management decision, this action requires a certain amount of time which might take months or even years. It would be even worse for a financial institution which does not have proper records of its major decisions. Besides that, it should be noted that not every decision is made at the general meeting. Therefore, an investigation may use up management time.[31] By looking at the nature of the Act, the new provision criminalises individuals actions by holding them responsible for having caused the banks failure. However, the process of decision-making in large financial institutions is usually a collaborative process with several inputs from various senior managers or people sitting at the top level of the institutional pyramid. As stated above, an investigation on this issue would possibly consume few months or years and this may disrupt the continuing management. In relation to the above, it shows that the laws must be clear and simple for people to follow. Laws that are overly vague or complex and technical do not encourage compliance as they are too difficult to interpret and comply with.[32] Practically, this new offence has its limitations in finding senior bankers liable for making risky decisions because risk-taking is the spirit of the financial sector. For example, in many capitalist societies, risk-taking is seen as a necessary part of business and it is hard to prove wrongdoing.[33] Therefore, this illustrates that Section 36 may seem to be a paper tiger which is enacted more for symbolic than actual punitive effect.[34] Apart from that, the law has another way of addressing senior bankers liability besides merely applying the 2013 Act. The Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) and Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) have published the final approach to improve individual accountability in the banking sector. The Senior Managers Regime will ensure that senior managers can be held accountable for any misconduct that falls within their areas of responsibilities, while the new Certification Regime and Conduct Rules aim to hold individuals working at all levels in banking to appropriate standards of conduct.[35] This has come into force on 7 March 2016. In fact, the new UK Senior Managers Regime (SMR) has the potential to rebalance these incentives. It is the product of a two year process led by a parliamentary commission tasked with addressing widespread misconduct at banks. The commission identified the lack of personal consequences for individuals as a root cause of repeated bad behaviour by institution s.[36] Under the SMR, an individual is guilty of misconduct if the regulators are able to show that there was a failure by a relevant authorized person in an area for which that individual senior manager was responsible.[37] Clearly, all centrepiece reforms of the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 can be related to culture as it is currently understood by regulators: as a set of attitudes, values, goals and practices which together determine how a firm behaves à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[38]; and also by academic scholars: as the subsistence and transmission of behaviours and beliefs which characterise particular social or economic groupings within and beyond these groupings.[39] From the above, we can see that the Financial Services (Banking Reform) Act 2013 can be seemed to act as a reminder or notification for the senior bankers not to make extremely risky decisions. And by having this legislation, senior bankers and those who are responsible for making decisions would be more cautious in future decision making. However, practically speaking, it is difficult to be accessed as the financial or banking sector are full of uncertainties. No one can foresee the potential risk hidden in every decision made a nd no one should be blamed if the decision is made in the best interest of the institution. In short, a powerful mechanism to promote desired behaviour is to ensure that senior managers of the banks and their counterparties are aware of the possibility of the systemic implications of their actions such as aware of the possibility of their failure, and therefore the need to be concerned about that risk.[40] Banks safety and soundness are key to financial stability, and the manner in which they conduct their business is central to economic health. Governance weaknesses at banks, especially but not exclusively, those which play a significant role in the financial system, can result in the transmission of problems across the banking sector and into economies in outlying jurisdictions. Thus, effective and sensible corporate governance is critical to the proper functioning of the banking sector and the global economy.[41] In conclusion, the presence of this new offence may be seemed as a political tool to comfort the public after the global financial crisis which has no real and practical impact on individual liability. However, this Act will anyhow act as a general framework for senior bankers in their financial institutions to re-examine their decision making processes and to ensure that they comply with the highest standards of transparency. Someone may argue that strict rules or legislation might stop attracting talents into the financial sector. However, if they are not prepared to be bound by the legislation, they are clearly not the people who can bring huge impact to the financial sector and consequently the national economy. BIBLIOGRAPHY Books Ellinger E. P., Lomnicka E and Hare C. V. M, Ellingers Modern Banking Law (5th edn, OUP, Oxford 2011) Articles A Minto, Misconduct in banks: approaching the issue from a systemic perspective (2016). A Salz, The Salz Review: An Independent Review of Barclays Business Practices (2013). D Arsalidou and M Kambria-Kapardis, Weak corporate governance can lead to a countrys financial catastrophe: the case of Cyprus (2015). F. Hilmer, Strictly Boardroom: Improving Governance to Enhance Company Performance (1993). FCA, FCA publishes final rules to make those in the banking sector more accountable (2015). Financial Stability Board, Peer Review Report on Risk Governance (2013). FSA, Final Notice against Peter Cummings (2012). FSA, The Failure of the Royal Bank of Scotland: Financial Services Authority Board Report (2011). FSA Board, The Failure of the Royal Bank of Scotland (2011), para.581. FSA Internal Audit Division, The Supervision of Northern Rock: A Lessons Learned Review (2008). G Wilson and S Wilson, Banking and regulation post-crisis: the significance of culture in the UK and experiences from Australia (2016). Hall and du Gay (eds), Questions of Cultural Identity (1996); and Williams, Culture and Society: 1780-1950 (2013). House of Lords and House of Commons, Changing Banking for Good (12 June2013), Vol.I, para.116 House of Lords and House of Commons, Changing Banking for Good (12 June 2013), Vol.II, paras 632-634 House of Lords and House of Commons Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards, An Accident Waiting to Happen: The Failure of HBOS (2013). Iris H.-Y. Chiu, Regulatory duties for directors in the financial services sector and directors duties in company law: bifurcation and interfaces (2016). J Black and D Kershaw, Criminalising Bank Managers (2013). J. Gapper, Trading Floor Culture no longer Acceptable (2012). J Stainsby and K Anderson, Making individuals accountable: new regulatory frameworks for banking and for insurers (2015). L.A. Bebchuk, A Cohen and H Spamann, The Wages of Failure: Executive Compensation at Bear Stearns and Lehman 2000-2008 (2010). M S. Kenney, A D. Moglia and A Stein, Fraudsters at the gate: how corporate leaders confront and defeat institutional fraud: Part 1 (2016). Parliamentary Commission on Banking Standards, Changing Banking for Good (2013). Singapore Parliamentary Debates, Securities and Futures Bill (5 October 2001) Vol.73, cols 2127-2128. T Hallett, Symbolic Power and Organizational Culture (2003). V. K. Rajah SC, Prosecution of financial crimes and its relationship to a culture of compliance (2016). Official Published Sources J. Macey, Corporate Governance: Promises Kept, Promises Broken (Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ 2008). Electronic Sources BBC News, NatWest Takeover Battle accessed 26 March 2017. BBC News, RBS Secures Takeover of ABN Amro accessed 26 March 2017. The Independent, Was ABN the worst takeover deal ever? accessed 26 March 2017 C Coltart, Banking act is a paper tiger, The Law Society Gazette accessed 26 March 2017. D Gilroy, Banking Reform Act 2013, a good idea with poor implementation accessed 27 March 2017. L Hodges, Jail bankers for failure? The new criminal offence is an unworkable paper tiger accessed 27 March 2017. Norton Rose Fulbright, Criminal liability for senior bankers accessed 27 March 2017. R Burger and M Bonnell, Individual Accountability in Banking and Finance

Morals of Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) :: Ode to the Death of a Favorite Cat Essays

Morals of Ode on the Death of a Favorite Cat (Favourite) It is very difficult to understand what a writer mean when they write a poem, because you have to get in to a frame of mind that you think the writer was in when they composed the poem. In the Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes, Thomas Gray uses a cat and fish to teach a moral. In the Ode on the Death of a Favourite Cat, Drowned in a Tub of Gold Fishes the setting was set in the first stanza. The poem gave you an idea that it took place in a very nice house that had a large china vase, that held water, also it give the allusion that in this vase were flowers and fish. It describes beautiful blue tinted flowers in bloom and the fish as angel like Beta fish, which had a coat of amour made in gold with the hint of royal purple. When Gray went into describing a fluffy black and white tabby cat with deep green eyes. The cat's name is Selima and she is perched at the top of the vase watching the fish glide through the water. Selima was planning to eat the fish as soon as she could catch them. So she slowly reached with her paw to nab one of the fishes, her first attempt fails so she thinks again of how she can reach them. Eventually she falls in and tries to get out eight times while crying for help from a forgiving soul. No one seems to hear her and she drowns in the water where the fish swam. Thomas Gray asks two questions " What female heart can gold despise? What cat's averse to fish?" (lines 23 and 24) the meaning of those questions are that some gold is not meant for women and these fishes were not meant to be eaten by Selima. Also the "female" could reflect the cat since cats are generalized has feminine and "gold" referring to the fish. Gray also states "Malignant fate sat by, and smil'd" (line 28) which leads me to believe that fate was laughing at the cat and not helping it cause fate knew what was going to happen. In line twenty-nine "The slipp'ry verge her feet beguil'd" is an illusion to that the cat thinks it has balance and yet she does not cause she falls into the fish bowl.

Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice in the United States

Nurse Practitioners are registered nurses who are outstandingly recognized for providing primary care and treating acute and chronic illness and diseases. They acquired practiced skills and experience through advance education and medical training, and are authorized to serve as health and medical care resources and interdisciplinary consultants for diverse populations during health and illness. Nurse Practitioners may be generalists, like family nurse practitioners, or specialists whose areas of expertise include pediatrics, geriatrics, and psychiatry.Nurse Practitioners render a wide range of different types of preventive and clinical services as authorized by a state's Nurse Practice Act that vary from state-to-state in which some allow independent practice for nurse practitioners. In the United States, the state from which a nurse practitioner is practicing gives the nurse practitioner’s license being certified by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC). Since the profession is regulated by the state, the extended care-giving role played by Nurse Practitioners varies. Nurse practitioners in the community may be engaged in health maintenance organizations, home health care agencies, public health departments, school or college clinics, and physician’s offices, to mention a few.With increasing demand for primary care services to underserved groups and communities, nurse practitioners are successfully qualified for rendering such service, being fully equipped with appropriate knowledge and training. Standards for practice developed by the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (1993) provide the specific activities that a nurse practitioner can perform and govern the services granted.In general, regardless of specialty, the scope of services practiced by nurse practitioners is divided into three categories. The first category covers the assessment of health status. This includes activities such as obtaining medical and health record of a n individual, performing nursing assessments, and conducting physical examination on patients. Nurse practitioners also perform preventive screening procedures based on the patient’s age and history. Such screening includes those for hearing, sight, and cancer. Identification of medical health risks and requirements is also under the scope of practice of this profession.The second category is the application of suitable diagnosis based on previous examinations and clinical findings. They execute and interpret diagnostic studies such as routine laboratory tests, EKGs and X-rays. Diagnosing, treating, evaluating, and managing minor and common and acute and stable illness and diseases such as injuries, diabetes, and high blood pressure are being employed by nurse practitioners. Also, with proper training or with supervision, they are also allowed to perform minor surgeries and procedures and may be First Assistants in the OR.Central to the care provided by nurse practitioners ar e the conditions of the patients and the further effect of illness on the lives of the patients and the patients’ relatives. Thus, supportive counseling and educating patients regarding their health behaviors stressing out health promotion and citing preventive measures on illness and diseases are also under the practice of nurse practitioners. Providing prenatal care, conducting well-child screenings and immunizations, prescribing rehabilitation treatments and medications, though limited in some states, are also being practiced. All of these fall under the third category and can be summarized as the management of the case.This further identifies the needs of individual, family or community the assessment and interpretation of data collected.   Evaluation and execution of plan of care are also being stressed in the practice of such profession. Nurse practitioners also establish collaborative working relationship with physicians to provide comprehensive care and refer patien ts to other health professionals as needed to meet the appropriate health and medical goals.Nurse practitioners with specialization may include other specific activities in their scope of practice in line with their acquired specialty to further serve the target population. For pedriatric nurse practitioner, for instance, one may include the analysis of factors that may affect the child’s growth and development. Studies relating to abnormal and normal development in relation to anatomical, physiological, motor, cognitive, and social behavior of the child may be included in his scope of practice. Women’s health care nurse practitioner may perform fertility counseling and infertility management and may also give prescription and management of birth control pills and diaphragms or provide family planning services.To further improve the scope of practice, there are nurse practitioners that take advance training for certain clinical procedures. These procedures which can be accomplished by nurse practitioners with effective training which depends on previous experience and practice limitations of individual state Nurse Practice Acts.The continuing progress to cope with changing health care needs of the society is the responsibility of the nurse practitioners. They unite the role of being a care resource person, counselor and educator, researcher and administrator especially in the field of primary health care. Members of such profession are liable for the expansion and improvement of the practice of such profession and this can be achieved through involvement and active participation in professional health care organizations and their activities as they ensure that the standards on the scope of practice for nurse practitioners are maintained.ReferencesKozier B., et al. (1998). Fundamentals of Nursing: Concepts, Process and Practice.Addison Wesley Longman, Inc.Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice. (2007). American College of  Ã‚   Nurse Practitioners .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retrieved 02 December 2007 fromhttps://www.aanp.org/?pageid=3465Sherwood G. et al. (2007). Defining Nurse Practitioner Scope of Practice:

Lord of the Flies by William Golding

Lord of the Flies by William Golding is a dramatic novel filled with irony, fear and truth. It touches on many issues surrounding government, Christianity and democracy. The book focuses on society and through its effective use of conflict, gives us an idea what life would like without rules and civilization. The novel tells a story of a plane filled with British school boys that crashes on a deserted island during World War 2. The boys, struggling to survive, test their morals, values and beliefs. Conflict is developed throughout the novel in the form of man vs. ature, man vs. man, man vs. himself, and man vs. society. The first type of conflict that is developed in this novel in man vs. nature. The boys are stranded on an uninhabited, uncivilized island and have very limited resources available to them at their disposal. To survive, the boys start testing their morals and their survival instincts. At first, the boys are hesitant to do things that seem to be un-ethical, but eventually, even thought it conflicts with their prior beliefs, the boys give in and do what is necessary to survive. In the beginning of this novel, Jack and Ralph set out to explore the island. On their adventure they encounter a pig, which they realize would be good meat and make good food for the group. Jack is at first reluctant to kill the pig, because the idea of killing a living thing disturbs him and goes against his moral conduct. Throughout the novel, not only does Jack eventually accept and kill pigs, but, towards the end, Jack's warrior identity brutally murdered the sow and hung his head on a stick. One could say he developed a sort of sick obsession with killing. When he once killed out of necessity, he now kills just for sport. Another type of conflict that is present and dominant in this novel is man vs. man. In everyday life, people’s different personalities cause disagreements and arguments. As with any group of people, everyone will not always agree on everything and see eye to eye. When you are talking about a bunch of kids with no adult figure to control them, the arguments and disagreements are pushed to an extreme. To better civilize the island, the boys decide to elect a leader, essentially an adult figure to keep things in order. Ralph gets elected as leader, which isn’t to Jack’s liking. Jack’s jealousy causes the boys to be in constant competition trying to prove that they are better suited for the job. The competition eventually causes the group to split into two different â€Å"tribes,† with Ralph as one leader and Jack as the other. The boys are fighting and arguing constantly. The splitting of the group marks the point where the boys make shift society crumbles. A third type of conflict is man vs. himself which is also a prominent type of conflict found in this novel. During the course of this novel the boys experience a lot of internal conflict. Each individual character in the novel must struggle with this and essentially choose to retain their ‘civilization' or join with the ‘savages. ‘ Not only do they experience regular, everyday conflict, like we all do- doubts and fears confronting with knowledge and heart. Struggling with decisions to be made and whether the decision is the right one. -the boys also battle between the pervious beliefs that their parent’s/guardians have instilled in them vs. heir survival instincts. Ralph experiences inner conflict while trying to make the groups decisions; doubting whether he is a good leader; wishing he was more logical like Piggy. Simon, very obviously experienced inner conflict through talking to the Lord of the Flies. In fact, Lord of the Flies was simply a product of Simon’s dehydration and inner thoughts. Simon drove himself crazy while struggling with his internal conflict, to the point where he became internally damaged. Samneric also experience inner conflict towards the end of this novel. They were loyal to Ralph and wanted to stick by him, but they knew in order to survive they must join Jack’s tribe. Even though they didn’t like Jack, and disagreed with him and his savagery, they did what they had to do to survive. The final type of conflict found in this novel is man vs. society. From the beginning of the novel, the boys form what seems to be a democratic group. The things that they do, like electing a leader, assigning jobs and positions, and creating a set of rules to live by all support the makings of any democratic group. Some of the boy’s opinions conflict with the society’s, and the boys begin to question the rules. Jack actually challenges the society by trying to get Ralph to be kicked off as their leader and to get himself elected in his place, this marks the first major conflict within their makeshift society. When Jack breaks off from society and takes a group of boys with him, the â€Å"society† is totally disregarded. Jack and his tribe become total savages, leaving the rules and the society with them. The total disregard for society is what ultimately causes the deaths of both Simon and Piggy. The boys because they broke away from society and no longer have any rules, decent so far into savagery that they aren’t even aware how horrible their actions are. This novel efficiently uses many different types of conflict to show us how society would deteriorate and turn into chaos without rules. The boys on the island go from being well-mannered school boys to savages in a matter of weeks. It shows us that even though we all imagine how nice it would be if we totally disregarded all rules, that society would cease to exist without them! Lord of the Flies by William Golding Working his way up Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Ralph a character in Lord of the Flies by William Golding achieves needs for self actualization. Based on Ralph’s behavior he fulfills each need of the lower level before going up, thus he supports Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. Towards the end of the novel Ralph was hungry and knew his life was in grave danger because Jacks troops were hunting him. He sacrificed his safety for needs to get food, a basic physical need. Ralph approached Sam and Eric to gather information and hopefully receive some of the pig so that he could eat. Ralph screamed, a scream of fright and anger and desperation†¦he swerved as a spear flew past and then was silent, running. † In that scene of the book Ralph was being chased by Jack and his hunters. This action supports Maslow’s Hierarchy because physical needs must be fulfilled before safety. Ralph risked his needs for safety in order to get food. All the younger boys look up to Ralph so he feels their love, affection and belongingness. After the boys were done building some of the shelters they asked â€Å"What should we do Ralph what should we do now? On the island Ralph gained the other boys respect and was made to be chief. After Ralph knew all the boys were behind him and respected what he had to say he was able to move up to the next level on Maslow’s Hierarchy. Ralph gained self esteem in that he possessed the conch shell, thus helping him achieve self actualization or becoming the chief. Once all the boys were gathered on beach by the mighty blow of the conch, they wanted to vote for a chief and Ralph won unanimously. â€Å"Let him be chief with the trumpet thing. Ralph raised his hand for silence. † Right then Ralph had the respect of the boys. Achieving needs for esteem leading to self actualization in that he had become what he was chief. Ralph achieved Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs because he was â€Å"born to be† chief, supporting the theory. Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs is applicable in real life; people fallow the different levels in everyday activities. However it is difficult to accomplish yet alone maintain self actualization because people struggle with self-esteem and belongingness. Ralph was able to do so because he was one of the older boys on the island which made him more responsible. He stepped up to the table and focused on what he needed to do for his survival.